But chemicals also can be hazardous to humans or the environment if used or released improperly. OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) defines a hazardous chemical as ‘any chemical which can cause a physical or a health hazard.’ Chemicals exist either as solid, liquid or gas; no matter its nature of existence, hazardous chemicals will still be harmful to humans and the environment. Hazards can also be called 'Trigger Events'. A Disaster Occurs When Hazards and Vulnerability Meet Show and discuss. They can be chemical hazards (e.g., carcinogens, reproductive hazards, corrosives, or agents that affect the lungs or blood) or physical hazards (e.g., flammable, combustible, explosive, or reactive). Frequency False alarms/threats are frequent while real events are rare. They purify drinking water, increase crop pro-duction, and simplify household chores. Why Should Organizations Conduct a Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment? If compared with the hazard footprints (Fig. In conclusion, though proximity to a hazard is the most prevalent and overbearing factor leading to the realisation of vulnerability and risk into a disaster, factors such as population density and level of urbanisation dictate the severity of that disaster. There are many different factors that determine vulnerability. The risk map in essence represents a spatial superposition of the hazard footprint on the vulnerability map . Note: You may find the terms “Hazard Vulnerability Analysis” and “Hazard Vulnerability Assessment” used interchangeably. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE 13) it can be seen that risk level is a reflection of both the hazard and vulnerability levels and areas of high hazard does not always correspond to high risk. 'Pressures' add to the vulnerable conditions. Toxic industrial chemicals can be in the gas, liquid, or solid state. In addition to these physical measures, mitigation should also be aimed at reducing the physical, economic and social vulnerability to threats and the underlying causes for this vulnerability. Duration Duration of the actual event is usually short but the effects could be long-term especially if chemical or biological materials are involved. 130 Chemicals are found everywhere. Conducting a hazard identification and risk assessment is one of the first steps an organization must take in the emergency planning process. The underlying causes or 'root causes' of vulnerability are shown in the last column. siting people away from the hazard and by strengthening structures to reduce damage when a hazard occurs. 3.1 Hazardous Materials Incidents Are You Ready? Chemical and radiological incidents The Hazard. Disasters can be seen as occurring at the interface between hazards and vulnerable conditions. This is another way to present the causes of a disaster. Chemical spills Radioactive spills Armed conflict ROOT CAUSES DYNAMIC PRESSURES UNSAFE CONDITIONS DISASTER HAZARDS RISK= Hazard+ Vulnerability (R=H+V) 1 2 3 The Progression of Vulnerability Adapted from:Fig 2.1 ‘Pressures that result in disasters: the progression of vulnerability’ immediate publicity for their causes. The following table lists the most common TICs listed by their hazard index. Incidents can be sudden and acute, when hazardous chemicals are ‘overtly’ released into the environment. 1.12.1. Disasters are caused by the interaction of vulnerability and hazards. Hazards can occur during production, storage, transportation, use, or disposal. When one hazard meets with a vulnerable community a disaster is likely to occur. Chemical incidents can be defined as accidental or intentional events that threaten to expose or do expose responders and/or members of the public to a chemical hazard. E.g. Disaster Interface, Hazards and Vulnerability Present and discuss. 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